GDP describes one year of production; debt describes accumulated borrowing. Choose the euro area or a country to read their ratio, estimated annual spending and the available country-level 10-year borrowing rate.
The dashboard brings together debt, estimated public spending, debt-to-GDP and 10-year rates, with euro-area countries available through the selector.
Two bars compare the percentage change in GDP and debt since January 1. If debt grows faster than production, the debt-to-GDP ratio rises.
One selector switches between the whole euro area and the 21 available countries. Comparing with the euro area is optional. The 10-year rate is available by country; sources and dates remain visible in the tool.
Gross domestic product measures the value produced in an economy. Annual GDP of 100 means 100 of production during the year, not 100 in the government’s bank account. Nominal GDP uses the period’s prices: its increase can include price inflation.
Gross debt measures liabilities to be repaid without subtracting financial assets held. Coverage differs: the tool uses federal debt for the US and general-government debt for the euro area. IMF estimates for other countries follow additional conventions.
If debt is 90 and annual production is 100, debt-to-GDP is 90%. This does not mean 90% of tax revenue goes to debt or that everything must be repaid this year. The ratio is a size comparison, not a verdict on its own.
GDP and country spending cards show the latest available observations. US quarterly GDP is annualized: it expresses an annual rate, not cumulative production in the year. Animated counters and bars since January extend a past rate. AUTO describes source retrieval, not real-time measurement.
It is a market yield on a ten-year government bond, a benchmark for new borrowing conditions. It is not the average rate paid on all existing debt. It depends on factors including policy rates, expected inflation and risk. A monthly average is not today’s exact quote.